December 19, 2023

Why evidence-based program approval matters

We spoke with Dr. Nancy Spector about evidence-based program approval and how it supports the work of all nurses. 

A key role CNO plays to protect the public is to evaluate and monitor the quality of all entry-level nursing education programs. Our Program Approval Framework ensures nursing graduates are prepared to practice safely, competently and ethically. 

This fall, CNO hosted a roundtable with other nursing regulators across Canada to share experiences and challenges in program approval and discuss common themes related to nursing education. This meeting included a special guest, Dr. Nancy Spector, Director of Nursing Education at the National Council of State Board of Nursing (NCSBN) in the U.S., who spoke about evidence-based program approval. 

Why evidence-based program approval matters

The Standard had the opportunity to chat with Dr. Spector about the importance of program approval, how it contributes to patient safety and supports the work of all nurses. 

The Standard

What types of opportunities come with collaborating on evidence-based research for nursing education programs? 

Dr. Spector

I think it's really important that when we approve nursing education programs, it's based on the evidence and not personal preferences. I know CNO has done a lot of work on tools development and looking at different metrics, and I think it's really important to keep score of what you do. We've done a lot with the quality indicators of nursing education, like programs and how they match with outcomes. Putting those together for both NCSBN and CNO would really give us different dimensions on what we do with approval of nursing education programs.

The Standard

That sounds really exciting. Can you connect how that relates to the everyday lived experiences of nurses working throughout Ontario? How does that support the work they do? 

Dr. Spector

That's a good question. If you have a program that is graduating confident and safe practitioners, it's really good for everyone. It's good for the other nurses they work with because they need to be able to trust that a new graduate and colleague knows what they're doing and that they're safe practitioners. It's also good for the people of Ontario, as it's really important they know their nurses are very qualified and competent when they are working with their family or themselves as patients.

The Standard

It sounds like the shared goal here is to build confidence in public safety. As that is the bedrock for so much of the work we do in the health care system. 

Dr. Spector

Right, exactly. By building that confidence through ensuring you graduate safe and competent nurses, you really improve the health care system.

The Standard

Dr. Spector, thank you so much for your time. 

This interview has been edited for clarity and length.

About CNO

The College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) is the regulator of the nursing profession in Ontario. It is not a school or a nursing association. CNO acts in the public interest by:

  • assessing qualifications and registering individuals who want to practice nursing in Ontario.
  • setting the practice standards of the profession that nurses in Ontario are expected to meet.
  • promoting nurses' continuing competence through a quality assurance program.
  • holding nurses accountable to those standards by addressing complaints or reports about nursing care.

The College was founded in 1963. By establishing the College, the Ontario government was acknowledging that the nursing profession had the ability to govern itself and put the public's well-being ahead of professional interests.

For the latest information, please see our Nursing Statistics page.

Anyone who wants to use a nursing-related title — Registered Nurse (RN), Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) or Nurse Practitioner (NP) must become a member of CNO.

Frequently Asked Questions

Go to the public Register, Find a Nurse, to conduct a search for the nurse. Contact us if you can't find the person you are looking for.

All public information available about nurses is posted in the public Register, Find a Nurse, which contains profiles of every nurse in Ontario. Publicly available information about nurses include their registration history, business address, and information related to pending disciplinary hearings or past findings.

Unregistered practitioners are people who are seeking employment in nursing or holding themselves out as being able to practice nursing in Ontario, but who are not qualified to do so. They are not registered members of CNO. Only people registered with CNO can use nursing-related titles or perform certain procedures that could cause harm if carried out by a non-registered health professional. CNO takes the issue of unregistered practitioners seriously. See Unregistered Practitioners for more information.

To ensure procedural fairness for both the patient (or client) and the nurse, the Regulated Health Professions Act requires that information gathered during an investigation remain confidential until the matter is referred to the Discipline Committee or Fitness to Practise Committee. CNO will not disclose any information that could identify patients (or clients) or compromise an investigation. See Investigations: A Process Guide for more information.

Information obtained during an investigation will become public if the matter is referred to a disciplinary hearing. If a complaint is not referred to a hearing, no information will be available publicly.

See CNO's hearings schedule, which is updated as hearing dates are confirmed. Hearings at CNO are open to the public and the media. For details on how to attend a hearing, contact the Hearings Administration Team.

A summary of allegations and the disciplinary panel outcomes can be found on the public Register, Find a Nurse. Full decisions and reasons are also available.

Where a disciplinary panel makes a finding of professional misconduct, they have the authority to reprimand a nurse, and suspend or revoke a nurse's registration. Terms, conditions and limitations can also be imposed on a nurse's registration, which restricts their practice for a set period. Nurses can also be required to complete remedial activities, such as reviewing CNO documents and meeting with an expert, before returning to practice.

For detailed information see the Sexual Abuse Prevention section.

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